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Source: http://www.enforex.com/language/

* Days of the Week / Los días de semana

Days of the Week

*** In Spanish-speaking countries, the week begins on Monday.

lunes
Monday
martes
Tuesday
miércoles
Wednesday
jueves
Thursday
viernes
Friday
sábado
Saturday
domingo
Sunday

**** Notice that the days of the week are not capitalized.

lunes
martes
miércoles
jueves
viernes
sábado
domingo

**** The days of the week are all masculine.

el lunes
el martes
el miércoles
el jueves
el viernes
el sábado
el domingo

**** When used with the days of the week, the definite article has the special meaning "on."

No trabajo el lunes.
I don't work on Monday.
No trabajo los martes.
I don't work on Tuesdays.
Hay una fiesta el miércoles.
There is a party on Wednesday.
Hay muchas fiestas los viernes.
There are many parties on Fridays.

**** Days of the week ending in -s do not change form in the plural. Only the article changes.

el lunes
los lunes
el martes
los martes
el miércoles
los miércoles
el jueves
los jueves
el viernes
los viernes
el sábado
los sábados
el domingo
los domingos

*** Use the verb ser to express the day. You will soon learn more about this verb. For now, simply realize that the word "es" is a conjugation of that verb, and is the correct verb in this use.

¿Qué día es hoy?
What day is today?
Hoy es lunes.
Today is Monday.
Mañana es martes.
Tomorrow is Tuesday.

Notice that the following actions do not occur in the present, but rather in the near future.

Salimos el lunes.
We leave on Monday.
Mañana es domingo.
Tomorrow is Sunday.

**** In Spanish, the present tense of the indicative is sometimes used to express the near future. English does this too.

Salimos el lunes.
We (will) leave on Monday.
Mañana es domingo.
Tomorrow (will be) is Sunday.

* SPANISH GRAMMAR

Lesson Topics

• Unit One
  1. Gender of Nouns I
  2. Gender of Nouns II
  3. Numbers: 1-10
  4. Plural Forms of Nouns
  5. Def. & Indef. Articles
  6. The Verb Form "hay"
  7. Subject Pronouns
  8. Reg. Verbs I
  9. Reg. Verbs II
  10. Reg. Verbs III
  11. Adjectives I
  12. Adjectives II
  13. Days of the Week
  14. Numbers: 11-30
• Unit Two
  15. Ser and Estar I
  16. Ser and Estar II
  17. Ser and Estar III
  18. Ser and Estar IV
  19. Negation
  20. Questions
  21. Poss. Adjectives
  22. Tener, venir
  23. Tener que / Hay que
  24. Exp. with "Tener"
  25. Weather Expressions
  26. The Personal "a"
  27. Contractions
• Unit Three
  28. Stem-Changing Verbs: o:ue
  29. Stem-Changing Verbs: e:ie
  30. Stem-changing verbs: e:i
  31. Estar, Ir, Dar
  32. "Ir a" + infinitive
  33. Acabar de
  34. Volver a
  35. Ordinal Numbers
  36. Months, Seasons, and Dates
  37. Comparisons of Inequality
  38. Comparisons of Equality
  39. Superlatives
• Unit Four
  40. Pronouns as Objects of Prepositions
  41. Dir. Object Pronouns I
  42. Dir. Object Pronouns II
  43. Dir. Object Pronouns III
  44. Ind. Object Pronouns I
  45. Ind. Object Pronouns II
  46. Ind. Object Pronouns III
  47. DO and IO Pronouns Together
  48. Verbs Like Gustar
  49. Present Progressive
  50. Verbs with Irregular 1st Persons
• Unit Five
  51. Saber vs Conocer / Pedir vs Preguntar
  52. Numbers: 31-1000
  53. Telling Time
  54. Por and Para
  55. Irreg. Comparatives
  56. Demonstratives
  57. Time Expressions With Hacer
  58. Possessive Pronouns
  59. Reflexive Verbs I
  60. Reflexive Verbs II
  61. Definite Article II
• Unit Six
  62. Pret. vs Imp. I
  63. Preterite I
  64. Imperfect I
  65. Preterite II
  66. Imperfect II
  67. Pret. vs Imp. II
  68. Preterite III
  69. Imperfect III
  70. Preterite IV
  71. Preterite V
  72. Preterite VI
  73. Pret. vs Imp. III
  74. Pret. vs Imp. Review
• Unit Seven
  75. "Hace ..." to mean "ago"
  76. Formation of Adverbs
  77. Subjunctive I: Introduction
  78. Subjunctive II: Conjugating regular and stem-changing verbs
  79. Subjunctive III: Verbs that change orthographically
  80. Subjunctive IV: Irregular verbs
  81. Subjunctive V: Desire
  82. Subjunctive VI: Ignorance, doubt
  83. Subjunctive VII: Impersonal Expressions
  84. Subjunctive VIII: Actions not yet completed
• Unit Eight
  85. Rel. Pronouns - que
  86. Rel. Pronouns - quien
  87. Rel. Pronouns - el que and lo que
  88. Rel. Adjective - cuyo
  89. Rel. Pronouns and Adjectives - Review
  90. Formal Commands
  91. Inform. Commands - tú
  92. Irreg. Commands - tú
  93. Using Object Pronouns with Commands
  94. Commands Review I
  95. Informal Commands - vosotros
  96. 1st Person Commands - nosotros
  97. Indirect Commands
  98. Commands Review II
• Unit Nine
  99. Future
  100. Past Participle
  101. Present Perfect
  102. Past Perfect
  103. Future Perfect
  104. Conditional

Source: http://www.studyspanish.com/tutorial.htm

Spanish Grammar

Below, you will find many grammar topics explained in detail with examples and exercises to practice. These can be extremely helpful for a quick lesson or an easy review. Choose one of these more popular topics, or continue below for many others.

Popular Topics

• Ser and Estar - They both mean "to be," but have very different uses!
• Para and Por - What's the difference in these 2 prepositions that mean "for"?
• Accents - When do you put those funny marks over which letters?
• Gender - How can a noun be masculine or feminine?
• Definite Articles - Why do you put "el" and "la" in front of all the nouns?
• Personal Pronouns - What's the difference in "tú" and "usted"? When do I use "vosotros"?
• Prepositions - How can one word mean "in," "on," and "at"?

Pronunciation

• The Alphabet
• Stress
• Accents (tildes)
• Punctuation

Nouns

• Gender (masculine, feminine)
• Singular & Plural (number)

Articles

• Definite Articles (el, la, los, las)
• Indefinite Articles (un, una, unos, unas)
• Neuter Article (lo)

Pronouns

• Personal (Subject) Pronouns (yo, tú, él, etc.)
• Direct Object Pronouns (me, te, lo, la, etc.)
• Indirect Object Pronouns (me, te, le, etc.)
• Object Pronouns Together (me la, se los, etc.)
• Demonstrative Pronouns (ése, ésta, aquél)
• Possessive Pronouns (el mío, la tuya, etc.)
• Relative Pronouns (que, cual, quien, cuyo)
• Reflexive Pronouns (me, te, se, nos, os, se)
• Reciprocal Pronouns (nos, os, se)
• Impersonal Se
• Passive Se

Adjectives

• Descriptive Adjectives
• Short Form Adjectives (buen, primer, algún)
• Placement
• Comparisons (más que, menos que)
• Superlatives
• Demonstrative Adjectives (ese, este, aquel)
• Possessive Adjectives (mi, tu, su, etc.)
• Cardinal Numbers (uno, dos, tres, etc.)
• Ordinal Numbers (primero, segundo, tercero, etc.)

Other

• Prepositions (a, en, de)
• Adverbs (suavemente, felicemente, etc.)
• Negative and Indefinite Words (nadie, nunca, alguien, siempre, etc.)
• Question Words (¿qué?, ¿cómo?, ¿dónde?, etc.)
• Exclamatory Words (¡qué!, ¡cómo!, ¡cuánto!, etc.)
• Para and Por
• Ser and Estar

* Questions / ¿Qué es...? / ¿Cuál es...?

¿Qué es...? / ¿Cuál es...? (by Lazarus)

'¿Qué es tu nombre'? is a common mistake in Spanish, and the only way to answer this definition is by answering it as a definition, i.e. "My name is the word that I am known by". If you use '¿Qué..:? and the verb 'ser', these is how you should answer these questions:

What is your name? The Word that I am known by. What is your age? The period of time I have been alive. What is your height? The distance from the top of my head to the bottom of my feet. What is your job? The regular work which I normally do to earn money. What are the dimensions of the room? The distance between its walls.

¿Qué es tu nombre? La palabra con la que me conocen. ¿Qué es tu edad? El periodo de tiempo que llevo vivo. ¿Qué es tu altura? La distancia desde lo más alto de mi cabeza hasta mis pies. ¿Qué es tu trabajo? Lo que hago regularmente para ganar dinero. ¿Qué son las dimensiones de la habitación? La distancia entre sus paredes.

If you want a more 'normal? question, you shouldn't use '¿Qué''', but '¿Cuál''':

¿Cuál es tu nombre? Lazarus. ¿Cuál es tu edad? 35 ¿Cuál es tu altura? 1,80 ¿Cuál es tu trabajo? Profesor ¿Cuáles son las dimensiones de la habitación? 2 por 3 metros.

What is your name? Lazarus. What is your age? 35 What is your height? 1,80 What is your job? Teacher. What are the dimensions of the room? 2 by 3 metres.

As you can see, English works on common sense interpretations rather than on choice of words, but Spanish has a very precise mechanism here to determine whether one expects a definition, or simply information on a topic inquired. This mechanism, necessary or useless as it may seem, is a reality, and using it correctly is a must.

The same goes with other "qué" plus "ser" sentences:

Sé qué es tu nombre = I know what your name is (= I know the definition of "your name") Sé (cuál es) tu nombre = I know what your name is (= I know exactly what people call you)

Sé qué es tu edad = I know what your age is (= I know the definition of "your age") Sé (cuál es) tu edad = I know what your age is (= I know exactly how old you are)

http://www.spanishdict.com/answers/100861/qu-es...-cul-es...-by-lazarus

* Grammar / Syllables : how to divide a word in Spanish

These rules are all used to separate syllables and decide how to stress. Notice that sometimes some words are pronounced differently in some regions, but these rules apply nevertheless.

SYLLABLES

DEFINITIONS AND OTHER CONSIDERATIONS

• A diphthong is a single syllables having two vowels. It must be an unstressed closed vowel (i, u) and an open vowel (a, e, o), or two closed vowels. The possible combinations are ai, ei, oi, au, eu, ou, ia, ie, io, ua, ue, uo, iu and ui. There is always more stress on the open vowel, or if there are two closed ones, the second one. Diphthongs with two closed vowels are often pronounced separately, but orthographically they are considered as one syllable. A h between vowels doesn't make any difference.
• Two open vowels (e.g. ae, oa) are always two syllables (hiatus). The same happens with an open vowel and a stressed closed one (e.g. ía, eí), but here the closed vowel must have an accent. A h between vowels doesn't make any difference.
• A triphthong is a syllable with three vowels, and the middle one must be always a open one (a, e, o), and the closed ones (i, u) must be unstressed (otherwise, it will be a vowel plus a diphthong). A h between vowels doesn't make any difference.
• The u in the digraph qu or the digraph gu before -e or -i are not regarded as vowels. If you want the u to be pronounced with g and before -e or -i, you must use the diaeresis: güe.
• The letter h is completely ignored when determining syllables, so remove it temporarily before counting - it will be easier. The x is treated exactly as ks.

GENERAL RULES

1) The digraphs ch, ll, rr, qu and gu (before e and i) form a single syllable. However, the rr is split if it is clear from its etymology, as in inter-relacionado.

2) A consonant between vowels belongs to the same syllable as the second vowel, and never the first (e.g. a-ma, o-ro)

3) Certain consonants (b, c, d, f, g, k, p, t) followed by r or l always go together (e.g. tra-ba-jo, a-pli-car). The exceptions to this rule are words with prefixes, such as At-lán-ti-co, sub-li-mi-nal, which are also pronounced separately. Also, the sequences tl and dl are separated or not depending on the country, but they are generally split.

4) Any other two consecutive consonants not mentioned so far, will belong to two different syllables (e.g. ac-ción), unless they are at the beginning of a word (e.g. psi-có-lo-go)

5) When three consonants appear together, the last one will belong to a different syllable, unless it is an r or an s (e.g. ins-truir).

HYPHENATION

1) Never split a syllable at the end of a line.

2) It is advisable never to hyphenate between two consecutive vowels.

3) It is advisable not to to leave a single vowel alone (after hyphenation).

4) Words with prefixes and suffixes are normally separated from the word, if the rest of the word has a meaning of its own (e.g. sub - terráneo).

5) Use common sense to avoid ugly combinations, like cál-culo (2nd part means "ass").

6) Foreign words are divided according to their native rules, and if these are unknown, do not hyphenate.

Notice that the digraph rr becomes r after hyphenation (e.g. arropar: a-ropar)

http://www.spanishdict.com/answers/100865/syllables-how-to-divide-a-word-in-spanish-by-lazarus

* Descriptions / Las descripciones

Learn Spanish Vocabulary for Descriptions / Las descripciones

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* Animals / Los animales

Learn Spanish Vocabulary for Animals / Los animales

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* Dates and time / La fecha y la hora

Learn Spanish Vocabulary for Dates and time / La fecha y la hora

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* Numbers / Los números

Learn Spanish Vocabulary for Numbers / Los números

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